The Lives of the Prophets
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Read: The Book of Enoch
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The Names of the Prophets, and whence they were, where they died, and how and where they were buried.
1He was of Jerusalem. He met his death at the hands of Manasseh, sawn in two,1 and was buried below the fountain of Rogel,2 hard by the conduit of the waters which Hezekiah spoiled (for the enemy) by blocking their course.3
2For the prophet's sake God wrought the miracle of Siloah; for before his death, in fainting condition he prayed for water, and it was sent to him from this source. Hence it was called Siloah, which means "sent."4
3Also in the time of Hezekiah, before the king made the pools and the reservoirs,5 at the prayer of Isaiah a little water came forth here, lest the city, at that time besieged by the Gentiles, should be destroyed through lack of water. 4For the enemy were seeking a drinking place, and as they invested the city they encamped near Siloah. If then the Hebrews came to the pool, water flowed forth; if the Gentiles came, there was none. Hence even to the present day the water issues suddenly,6 to keep the miracle in mind.
5Because this was wrought through the prayer of Isaiah, the people in remembrance buried his body near the spot, with care and high honor, in order that through his prayers, even after his death, they might continue to have the benefit of the water. Indeed, a revelation had been given them concerning him. 6His tomb, however, is near the tomb of the kings, behind the tomb of the priests on the side toward the south.
7Solomon constructed the tombs, which had been designed by David, on the east of Zion, where there is an entering road from Gibeon, the town twenty stadia distant from the city. He made a winding construction, its location unsuspected; even to the present day it is unknown to the most of the priests, and wholly unknown to the people.
8There the king kept the gold and the spices from Ethiopia. 9When Hezekiah showed to the Gentiles the secret of David and Solomon,7 and defiled the bones of his ancestors, therefore God laid upon him the curse, that his descendants should be in servitude to their enemies; and God made him to be childless, from that day. {Top}
1He was of Anathoth, and he died in Taphnes8 in Egypt, stoned to death by the Jews. 2He is buried in the place where Pharaoh's palace stood;9 for the Egyptians held him in honor, because of the benefit which they had received through him. 3For at his prayer, the serpents which the Egyptians call ephoth10 departed from them; 4and even at the present day the faithful servants of God pray on that spot, and taking of the dust of the place they heal the bites of serpents.
5We have been told by the children of Antigonus and Ptolemy, aged men," that Alexander the Macedonian, when he stood at the place where the prophet was buried, and learned of the wonders which he had wrought, carried away his bones to 6Alexandria, placing them round about with due ceremony; where�upon the whole race of poisonous serpents was driven out of the land. With like purpose he (the prophet) had introduced into Egypt the so-called argolai (that is, "snake-fighters").10
7Jeremiah also gave a sign to the priests of Egypt,11 that their idols would be shaken and their gods made with hands would all collapse, when there should arrive in Egypt a virgin bearing a child of divine appearance. 8Wherefore even to the present time they honor a virgin mother, and placing a babe in a manger they bow down to it. When Ptolemy the king sought the reason for this, they said to him: "It is a mystery handed down from our fathers, a sign delivered to them by a holy prophet, and we are awaiting its fulfiment."12
9This prophet,13 before the destruction of the temple, took possession of the ark of the law and the things within it, and caused them to be swallowed up in a rocky cliff, and he said to those who were present: 10"The Lord departed from Sinai into heaven, and he will again come with might; and this shall be for you the sign of his appearance, when all the Gentiles worship a piece of wood."14
11He said also: "No one shall bring forth this ark but Aaron, and the tables within it no one of the priests or prophets shall unfold but Moses the elect of God." 12And in the resurrection the ark will rise first, and come forth from the rock, and will be placed on Mount Sinai; and all the saints will be assembled to it there, awaiting the Lord and fleeing from the enemy wishing to destroy them.15
13He sealed in the rock with his finger the name of God, and the writing was as though carved with iron. A cloud then covered the name; and no one knows the place, nor can the writing be read, to the present day and even to the end. 14The rock is in the wilderness where the ark was at first, between the two mountains on which Moses and Aaron are buried, and by night there is a cloud as it were of fire, according to the primal ordinance that the glory of God should never cease from his law. 15And God gave to Jeremiah the favor of completing this wonder, so that he might be the associate of Moses, and they are together to this day. {Top}
1He was from the district of Sarira,16 of the priests; and he died in the land of Chaldea, in the time of the captivity, after uttering many prophecies to those who were in Judea. 2He was slaiii by the leader of the Israelite exiles, who had been rebuked by him for his worship of idols; 3and they buried him in the field of Nahor, in the tomb of Shem and Arphaxad, the ancestors of Abraham. 4The tomb is a double cave, according to whose plan Abraham also made the tomb of Sarah in Hebron.17 5It is called "double" because it has a winding (stairway) and there is an upper chamber hidden from the main floor,18 hung in the rock above the ground-level.
6This prophet gave to the people a sign, that they should pay attention to the river Chebar;19 7when its waters should fail, they were to expect "the sickle of desolation to the ends of the earth"20 when it should overflow, the return to Jerusalem.
8While the saint was dwelling there, many kept coming to him; 9and on one occasion, when a throng had assembled to him, the Chaldeans feared an uprising and came upon them to destroy them. 10He made the water cease its flow, so that they could flee to the other side; but when the enemy ventured to pursue, they were drowned.
11Through his prayer he provided for them ample sustenance in fish which came of their own accord to be caught. Many who were at the point of death he cheered with the news of life coming to them from God. 12When the people were being destroyed by the enemy, he went to the hostile captains and so terrified them with marvels which he wrought that they ceased. 13It was then that he said to the people:21 "Are we indeed perishing? is our hope at an end?" and by the vision of the dry bones"22 he persuaded them that there is hope for Israel both now and in the time to come.
14While he was there he showed to the people of Israel what was being done in Jerusalem and in the temple. 15He himself was borne away thence, and came to Jerusalem,23 for a rebuke to the faithless. 16Also after the manner of Moses24 he foresaw the fashion of the temple, with its walls and its broad surroundings, as Daniel also declared that it should be built.25
17He pronounced judgment in Babylon on the tribes of Dan and Gad, because they dealt wickedly against the Lord, 18persecuting those who were keeping the law; and he wrought upon them this grievous wonder, that their children and all their cattle should be killed by serpents. 19He also foretold, that because of their sin Israel would not return to its land but would remain in Media, until the end of this evildoing.
20One of their number was the man who slew Ezekiel, for they opposed him all the days of his life. {Top}
1He was of the tribe of Judah, of a family prominent in the service of the king;26 but in his childhood he was carried away from Judea to the land of Chaldea. 2He was born in Upper Beth-horon. In his manhood he was chaste, so that the Jews thought him a eunuch.
3He mourned greatly over the city, and in fasting abstained from every sort of dainty food. He was lean and haggard in the eyes of men, but beautiful in the grace of the Most High.
4He made great supplication in behalf of Nebuchadnezzar, whose son Belshazzar27 besought him for aid at the time when the king became a beast of the field, lest he should perish. 5For his head and foreparts were those of an ox, his legs and hinder parts those of a lion. 6The meaning of this marvel was revealed to the prophet: the king became a beast because of his self-indulgence and his stubbornness. 7It is the manner of tyrants, that in their youth they come under the yoke of Satan;28 in their latter years they become wild beasts, snatching, destroying, smiting, and slaying.
8The prophet knew by divine revelation that the king was eating grass like an ox, and that it became for him the food of a human being. 9Therefore it was that Nebuchadnezzar himself, recovering human reason when digestion was completed, used to weep and beseech the Lord, praying forty times each day and night. 10Then the mind of a dumb animal29 would (again) take possession of him and he would forget that he had been a human being. 11His tongue had lost the power of speech; when he understood his condition he wept, and his eyes were like raw flesh from his weeping.
12There were many who went out from the city to see him; Daniel alone had no wish to see him, but during all the time of his transformation he was in prayer for him. 13He declared that the king would be restored to human form, but they did not believe him.
14Daniel caused the seven years (the meaning of his "seven times")30 to become seven months. 15The mystery of the seven times was fulfilled upon the king, for in seven months he was restored, and in the (remaining) six years and five31 months he was doing penance to the Lord and confessing his wickedness. When his sin had been forgiven, the kingdom was given back to him. 16He ate neither bread nor flesh in the time of his repentance, for Daniel had bidden him eat pulse and greens while appeasing the Lord.
17The king named the prophet Baltasar32 because he wished to make him a joint heir with his children; 18but the holy man said: "Far be it from me to forsake the heritage of my fathers and join in the inheritances of the uncircumcised." 19He also did for the other Persian kings many wonderful things which were not written down. 20He died there, and was buried with great honor, by himself, in the royal sepulcher.
21He appointed a sign in the mountains which are above Babylon: When the mountain on the north shall smoke, the end of Babylon will come; when it shall burn as with fire, the end of all the earth will be at hand. If the mountain on the south shall flow with water, Israel will return to its land; if it shall run blood, it portends a slaughter brought by Satan33 on all the earth. 22And the holy prophet slept in peace. {Top}
1He was from Belemoth,34 of the tribe of Issachar, and he was buried in peace, in his own land.
2He gave a sign, that the Lord would come to the earth when the oak tree which is in Shiloh35 should of its own accord be divided and become twelve oaks. {Top}
1He was of the tribe of Ephraim. Having given much trouble to King Ahab, he was killed, thrown from a cliff, by Ahab's son Joram, because he rebuked him for the wickedness of his fathers. 2He was given solitary burial in his own land, near the burying place of the giants. {Top}
1He was from Tekoa.37 Amaziah (the priest of Bethel)38 had often beaten him, and at last Amaziah's son killed him with a cudgel, striking him on the temple. 2While still living he made his way to his land, and after some days died and was buried there. {Top}
1He was from the territory of Reuben, of the field of Beth-meon.39 He died in peace, and was buried there. {Top}
1He was from the region of Shechem, of the field of Beth-hakkerem.40 2He was a pupil of Elijah, and having done much in his service he was saved from death by him. 3He was that third captain of fifty whom Elijah spared, and went down with him to Ahaziah. 4Afterward, leaving the service of the king he became a prophet,41 and upon his death he was buried with his fathers. {Top}
1He was from the district of Kiriath-maon,42 near the Gentile city of Azotus on the sea.
2After he had been cast on shore by the whale and had made his journey to Nineveh, on his return43 he did not stay in his own land, but took his mother and settled in Tyre, a country of foreign peoples. 3For he said, "In this way I will take away my reproach, that I prophesied falsely against the great city Nineveh."44
4Elijah was at that time rebuking the house of Ahab, and having called a famine upon the land he fled.45 Coming to the region of Tyre he found the widow and her son, for he himself could not lodge with the uncircumcised. 5He brought her a blessing; and when her child died, God raised him from the dead through Elijah, for he wished to show him46 that it is not possible to flee from God.
6After the famine was over, Jonah came into the land of Judea. On the way thither his mother died, and he buried her beside the oak of Deborah.47 7Thereafter having settled in the land of Seir,48 he died there and was buried in the tomb of the Kenizzite, the first who became judge49 in the days when there was no king.
8He gave a sign to Jerusalem and to all the land: When they should see a stone crying aloud50 in distress, the end would be at hand; and when they should see all the Gentiles gathered in Jerusalem, the city would be razed to its foundations. {Top}
1He was of Elkosh,51 on the other side of the mountains toward Beth-gabrin,52 of the tribe of Simeon.
2This prophet after the time of Jonah gave a sign to Nineveh, that it would be destroyed by fresh waters and by underground fire;53 and indeed this came to pass. 3For the lake which surrounded the city overwhelmed it in an earthquake, and fire coming from the desert burned its upper portion. 4He died in peace, and was buried in his land. {Top}
1He was from the tribe of Simeon, of the field of Beth-zachariah.54
2Before the captivity he had a vision of the destruction of Jerusalem, and he grieved exceedingly. 3When Nebuchadnezzar came against Jerusalem, he fled to Ostracina (in Egypt), and then sojourned in the land of Ishmael.55
4When the Chaldeans returned (to their country), and all those who were left in Jerusalem went down to Egypt,56 he settled again in his own land. 5He was accustomed to carry food to the reapers of the harvest in his field;57 6and one day, as he received the food, he announced to his family: "I am off for a far country, but will return immediately; if I should delay, carry out the food to the reapers." 7Finding himself straightway in Babylon, and having given Daniel his meal, he stood by the reapers as they ate; and he told no one what had happened.
8He had knowledge that the people would soon come back from Babylon. 9Two years before the return he died, and was buried alone in his own field.
10He gave a sign to the people in Judea, that they would see in the temple a light shining, and thus they would know the glory of the sanctuary. 11Concerning the end of the temple, he foretold that it would be brought to pass by a western nation. 12Then, he said, the veil of the inner sanctuary will be torn to pieces, and the capitals of the two pillars will be taken away, 13and no one will know where they are; but they will be carried away by angels into the wilderness where in the beginning the 14Tabernacle of Witness was pitched. By them in the end the presence of the Lord will be made known, for they will give light to those who are pursued by the Serpent58 in darkness as at the beginning. {Top}
1He was of the tribe of Simeon, of the field of Sabaratha.59 2He prophesied concerning the city, also concerning the end of the nations and the confounding of the wicked. 3When he died he was buried in his own field. {Top}
1Probably as a youth he came from Babylon to Jerusalem, and he had prophesied publicly in regard to the return of the people. 2He witnessed in part the building of the temple. Upon his death he was buried near the tomb of the priests, honored as though one of their number. {Top}
1He came from Chaldea60 when already advanced in age. While there, he prophesied often to the people, and did wonders in proof of his authority. 2He foretold to Jozadak that he would beget a son who would serve as priest in Jerusalem;61 3he also congratulated Shealtiel on the birth of a son and gave him the name Zerubbabel. 4In the time of Cyrus he gave the king a sign of victory, and foretold the service which he was destined to perform for Jerusalem, and he praised him greatly.
5His prophecies uttered in Jerusalem had to do with the end of the nations, with Israel and the temple, with the laziness of prophets and priests, and with a double judgment.62 6After reaching great age he was taken ill, and dying, was buried beside Haggai. {Top}
1He was born in Sopha,63 after the return from the exile. 2Even in his boyhood he lived a blameless life, and since all the people paid him honor for his piety and his mildness, they called him "Malachi" (angel); he was also fair to look upon. 3Moreover, whatever things he uttered in prophecy were repeated on that same day by an angel of God who appeared; as had happened in the days when there was no king in Israel, as is written64 in the book of Judges.65
4While yet in his youth, he was joined to his fathers in his own field. {Top}
1He, David's prophet, was from Gibeon, of a Hivite clan,66 and it was he who taught the king the law of the Lord. 2He foresaw David's sin with Bathsheba, and set out in haste to warn him, but Satan ("Beliar") thwarted his attempt. He found lying by the road the naked body of a man who had been slain; 3and while he was detained by this duty, he knew that in that night the king had committed the sin; 4so he turned back to Gibeon in sorrow. Then when David caused the death of Bathsheba's husband,67 the Lord sent Nathan to convict him.
5He lived to an advanced old age, and when he died he was buried in his own land. {Top}
1He was from Shiloh, the city of Eli, where the tabernacle stood in days of old.68 2He declared of Solomon, that he would provoke the Lord to anger. 3He also rebuked Jeroboam,69 because he dealt treacherously with the Lord, and he had a vision of two bullocks70 trampling on the people and charging upon the priests. 4He foretold to Solomon that his wives would bring disgrace on him and all his house.
5Upon his death he was buried beside the oak of Shiloh.71 {Top}
1He was of the district of Samarlm.73 He was that prophet whom the lion attacked and slew, when he had rebuked Jeroboam concerning the bullocks; 2he who was buried in Bethel beside the false prophet who led him astray.74 {Top}
1He was from Subatha,76 the prophet who turned away from Judah the captivity that befell Israel.77 2His burial was in his own field. {Top}
1He was of Jerusalem, the son of Jehoiada the priest, the prophet whom Joash king of Judah slew beside the altar,79 whose blood the house of David shed within the sanctuary, in the court.80 The priests buried him beside his father.
2From that time on there were portentous appearances in the temple, and the priests could see no vision of angels of God, nor give forth oracles from the inner sanctuary; nor were they able to inquire with the ephod, nor to give answer to the people by Urim and Thummim, as in former time. {Top}
1He was a Tishbite,81 from the land of the Arabs,82 of the family of Aaron, residing in Gilead because Tishbi83 had been assigned to the priests.
2At the time of his birth his father, Shobach,84 saw how certain men of shining white appearance addressed the babe, and that they wrapped him in swaddling clothes of fire and gave him a flame of fire to eat. 3When he went and reported this in Jerusalem, the oracle gave answer: Fear not; for his dwelling will be light, and his word revelation, and he will judge Israel with sword and with fire.85 {Top}
1He was from Abel-meholah,86 of the territory of Reuben. 2When he was born, in Gilgal,87 a marvelous thing happened: the golden calf bellowed so loudly that the shrill sound was heard in Jerusalem; 3and the priest announced by Urim and Thummim88 that a prophet had been born to Israel who should destroy their graven and molten idols. 4Upon his death he was buried in Samaria. {Top}
| 1 Ascension of Isaiah, chapter 5; Hebrews 11:37; Talmud Yebamoth, 49b. {Top} |
| 2 Joshua 18:16, 1 Kings 1:9 |
| 3 2 Chronicles 32:3. |
| 4 Compare John 9:7. |
| 5 Apparent allusion to the difficult passage Isaiah 22:9-11. |
| 6 The Virgin's Fountain is an intermittent spring: see, e.g., Enc. Biti. II col. 2414. |
| 7 2 Kings 20:12ff |
| 8 Jeremiah 43:7-13 |
| 9 Jeremiah 43:9 |
| 10 See the Appendix, on the Reptiles of the Jeremiah Narrative. |
| 11 The following tradition was probably narrated by native Egyptians resident in Jerusalem, see the Introduction. |
| 12 This Christian passage stood in the original text, see the Introduction. |
| 13 2 Maccabees 2:4 ff |
| 14 The cross |
| 15 Compare the last sentences of the Life of the prophet Habakkuk. {Top} |
| 16 The name is known only from this document. |
| 17 Genesis 23:2,9,17,19 |
| 18 Lit., from the ground |
| 19 Ezekiel 1:1; 3:15; 43:3 |
| 20 Joel 4:12 f |
| 21 Ezekiel 37:11 |
| 22 Ezekiel 37:1 ff. |
| 23 Ezekiel 8:3 |
| 24 Exodus 25:9, 40 |
| 25 Daniel 9:25 |
| 26 Daniel 1:3 |
| 27 Baltasar in the text |
| 28 The text, Beliar |
| 29 Text emended, see the Note |
| 30 Daniel 4:16,32 (Hebrews 4:13, 29) {Top} |
| 31 "Six months" in some texts |
| 32 Daniel 1:7; 5:12 |
| 33 Beliar |
| 34 A better reading is Belamon, see the Note on the text. This is the city which appears also under the names Yible'am, Bile'am, etc. See Buhl, Geographie des alten Palastina, 102, 201 f. |
| 35 This oak tree appears also in the Life of Ahijah, below. |
| 36 Micah 1:1. Buhl, Geogr., 193 |
| 37 Amos 1:1 |
| 38 Amos 7:10 ff. |
| 39 In the Bible this city is given the names Beth-baal-meon, Beth-meon (Jeremiah 48:23), Baal-meon, and once simply Be'on; see Buhl, Geogr., 267. It appears in the Mesha inscription as Ba'al Me'on (9) and Beth-ba'al-me'on (30). In the mss. of the Lives the name is corrupt. |
| 40 This is not the Beth-haccherem of Jeremiah 6:1 and Nehemiah 3:14, which was in Judea. "House of the vineyard" might well have been a name frequently occurring in Palestine. |
| 41 So in the rabbinical tradition. |
| 42 Perhaps the most likely form of the name, which is otherwise unknown. |
| 43 The rabbinical writings have no mention of any return of the prophet from Nineveh to his own land (Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews, VI, 351). 2 Maccabees 6:8 speaks of such a return. |
| 44 Jonah 3:4-10. |
| 45 1 Kings 17:1 f. {Top} |
| 46 That is, Elijah. From this account arose, not unnaturally, the widespread rabbinical legend that "the son" mentioned in 1 Kings 17:17 was Jonah (!), although this is made impossible by the preceding narrative, which evidently antedates the legend. It is to be observed that in 1 Kings the LXX has the plural, "children," in verses 12, 13, and 15, and this is supported by "household" in the Hebrew of vs. 15. The plural should probably be read in the Heb. of vss. 12 and 13. The popular tradition recorded in the Lives, that the widow of 1 Kings 17 was Jonah's mother, was therefore not in conflict with the Biblical narrative. The Greek text of our MS gives the original translation, all the others are under the influence of the rabbinical story, which is told consistently in the E version. See the Note on the text. |
| 47 Genesis 35:8. |
| 48 That is, Edom. |
| 49 The translation rests on conjectural emendation of the Hebrew text, see the Note on the Greek. Othniel son of Kenaz was the first of the Judges of Israel (Judges 3:9-11). |
| 50 Habakkuk 2:11. |
| 51 Nahum 1:1. |
| 52 The existing texts show plainly that a single word, a masculine noun, has accidentally fallen out of the Greek translation. Supposing the standpoint of the narrator to be Jerusalem, and the location of Elkosh to be near Beth-gabrin (Eleutheropolis), it is plain that the latter cities are "on the other side" of one of the mountain ridges of Judea. It is reasonable conjecture that "mountain" was the missing word, and no other solution equally plausible suggests itself. |
| 53 Nahum 2:6-8; 3:15. |
| 54 1 Maccabees 6:32 ff., Buhl, Geogr., 159. |
| 55 Arabia. |
| 56 2 Kings 25:26. |
| 57 The following in Bel and the Dragon, 33 ff. |
| 58 Compare the passage in the Life of Jeremiah, Note 15. Also Wisdom of Solomon 2:24, 4 Maccabees 18:8. |
| 59 Name otherwise unknown. |
| 60 "Kasdlm" the name of the country, Chaldea, as often. {Top} |
| 61 Ezra 3:2. |
| 62 Zechariah 9:12. |
| 63 Name otherwise unknown (cf. possibly I Sam 1:1?). |
| 64 Judges 2:1-4; 5:23; 6:11-22; 13:3-21 |
| 65 See Note 62 on the Greek text. |
| 66 David's prophet and teacher of the law of Moses was a foreigner, see Joshua 9:3-27; 11:19. |
| 67 2 Samuel 11:6-17. |
| 68 Joshua 18:1, Judges 18:11 |
| 69 1 Kings 14:7 ff. |
| 70 1 Kings 12:28 f. |
| 71 See the Life of Hosea, above. There is no mention of this oak of Shiloh in the Bible. |
| 72 The name appears in several forms other than those recorded in the Note on the Greek text, thus Jadai, Jedo, Jadon (Josephus Antiquities 8, viii, 5) and Iddo (2 Chronicles 9:29, Targ.). In the last-named passage the Hebrew M. T. has a double reading, combining Ye'dai and Iddo; while the Greek has the better tradition, Iwno in the L text, Iwnx in Cod. B. The name is doubtless the one which occurs in Nehemiah 11:7 (where the Grk reads Iwao). |
| 73 Probably southeast of Bethel (Buhl, Geogr., 100, 180), see Joshua 18:22, 2 Chronicles 13:4. |
| 74 1 Kings, chapter 13. Syriac adds the name of the false prophet, Abiton. |
| 75 Son of Oded, 2 Chronicles 15:l ff {Top} |
| 76 Name otherwise unknown. Perhaps modern Suba, a site anciently inhabited, about eight miles west of Jerusalem (Buhl, Geogr., Note 478). Syriac Squtha probably miswriting of Subtha. |
| 77 All texts have the (false) reading: who turned away from Israel the captivity of Judah. The Heb. text of 2 Chronicles 15:3 ff. is in unsatisfactory condition; that which is cryptically referred to is the coming deportation and captivity of the Northern kingdom in various pagan lands ("nation by nation and city by city," vs. 6). Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews, VI, 309, gives the gist of these verses quoting from Wayyiqra Rabba 19:9: "And for long seasons Israel will be without the true God." |
| 78 In the second Epiphanius recension (El) this biography forms the second half of the biography of Zechariah son of Berechiah! The two Zechariahs are also confused in the present text of Matthew 23 35. |
| 79 The murder referred to in Matthew 23:35 and Luke 11:51. |
| 80 2 Chronicles 24:20-22. |
| 81 1 Kings 17:l; 2 Kings 1:3, 8. |
| 82 Transjordania was at this time Arabian (i. e. Nabatean) territory. See the Introduction. |
| 83 Exact form of the name uncertain, see the Hebrew lexicons. |
| 84 Compare the name in 2 Samuel 10:16, 18. |
| 85 MS om. |
| 86 1 Kings 19:16. |
| 87 Gilgal a seat of idol worship, Hosea 4:15; 9:15; 12:ll, Amos 4:5; 5:5. This passage in the Lives is the oldest witness to the belief, found in the writings of certain Church fathers, that one of Jeroboam's two golden calves was set up in Gilgal instead of Dan. |
| 88 Greek text, twv onywv. {Top} |
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